Understanding Depression in the Teenage Years

We love to think of the teenage years as a time where children go through “phases.” Disobeying their parents, sleeping more, skipping class, being irritable and complaining—all natural teenage behaviors. But what happens when these things become more than just phases? What if they are more persistent, interfering with their daily lives in a negative way? It’s possible that it may be more than just a phase, it could be depression.

Teen depression is a serious mental health condition that affects how adolescents think, feel, and function. It’s more common than people realize, and unfortunately, it’s often misunderstood as typical teen moodiness. Understanding the signs and impact of depression during adolescence is important for early intervention and long-term emotional well-being.

Why Is Depression Hard to Spot in Teens?

Teenagers are going through significant changes. This can make it challenging to distinguish between normal teenage ups and downs and something more serious, like clinical depression.

• Mood swings are expected, making emotional changes easy to dismiss
• Teens may hide their feelings out of fear, shame, or not wanting to burden others
• Parents may attribute changes to hormones or assume their child is just being dramatic
• Irritability, not sadness, is often the main symptom in teens, which can be misread as defiance

Common Signs of Depression

While depression can look different in every individual, there are several warning signs to watch out for in adolescents:

• Persistent sadness or hopelessness that lasts for more than two weeks
• Irritability or anger that seems disproportionate or hard to explain
• Withdrawal from family, friends, or activities they enjoy
• Changes in sleep patterns, including insomnia or excessive sleeping
• Noticeable changes in appetite, either overeating or significant weight loss
• Fatigue or low energy, even with adequate rest
• Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or excessive self-criticism 
• Talking about death or suicide, or engaging in self-harming behaviors
• Physical complaints, like headaches or stomachaches, without a clear medical cause

Causes and Risk Factors for Teen Depression

There is no single cause of depression. Instead, it’s typically the result of a combination of factors, including:

• Genetics: A family history of depression can increase the risk
• Brain chemistry: Changes in neurotransmitters or hormonal shifts during puberty
• Trauma or abuse: Past or current exposure to trauma, neglect, bullying, or harassment
• Chronic stress: Academic pressure, social comparisons, family conflicts, or identity crises
• Low self-esteem: Negative self-image or feelings of inadequacy
• Lack of support: Feeling isolated or misunderstood by peers or adults

It’s important to remember that depression is not a sign of weakness or a character flaw. There is nothing wrong with your teen. It is a medical condition that requires compassionate care and treatment.

What You Can Do to Help a Teen with Depression

If you suspect a teenager in your life may be struggling with depression, try some of these steps:

• Listen without judgement: Create a safe space where they can actually speak their mind openly.
• Don’t minimize their pain: Avoid using phrases like “You have nothing to be sad about,” or “This won’t matter in a few years.”
• Encourage healthy habits: Sleep, nutrition, exercise, and social connection all support depression recovery.
• Stay connected: Even if they pull away, continue showing them care and availability.
• Educate yourself: Learn about teen mental health to better understand what they’re experiencing.
• Seek immediate help: If your teen is engaging in self-harming behaviors or talking about wanting to end their lives, don’t wait! Get them medical attention right away.

Therapy Makes a Difference

Therapy for teens offers teens a confidential space to explore their thoughts and feelings with the guidance of a professional. In therapy, teens can:

• Learn coping skills to manage emotions
• Identify negative thought patterns and replace them with healthier ones
• Build communication and problem-solving skills
• Improve self-esteem and emotional resilience

Teen depression is serious, but also treatable. With the right support, your teen can begin to feel better and reconnect with joy in their life! Reach out today to learn more about how DenverCAC can support your teen.